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Sunflowers Most sunflowers are native to North America (a few are native to South America). They belong to the genus Helianthus. There are many different species; the common garden variety goes by the botanical name Helianthus annuus. Jerusalem artichokes also belong to the genus Helianthus; they are often cultivated for their edible tubers. And of course lots of folks grow sunflowers for their edible seeds--enjoyed by humans, birds, and small mammals alike! Sunflowers don't need much care to grow like crazy. They're really, really easy to grow. They just need full sun, soil and moisture to perform. As long as the soil supports the growth of grass or other plants, sunflowers will do fine. There are many different sizes and colors of sunflowers available, so plant spacing depends on the height of the plants at maturity. Specific planting instructions are on the seed packets. Most sunflowers are grown as annuals; there are also some perennial varieties. They do tend to face the direction of the dominating sun exposure. So East or West is usually how you see them and they seem to prefer East unless the exposure is blocked. There is a growth inhibiting chemical in sunflower seed hulls, but this simply stops other seeds from sprouting too close to them. The chemical washes off in rainwater and isn't strong enough to affect plants growing several inches away. You can plant sunflowers within a foot of other plants. The spacing isn't to provide a buffer zone between plants because of growth inhibiting chemicals, but to give the sunflower ample room to grow and fully develop its large seed head. Six kinds of bugs can infest sunflowers: four-lined plant bugs, harlequin bugs, stink bugs, tarnished plant bugs, corn earworm and the larvae of the painted lady butterfly. There's also a sunflower maggot and a cucumber beetle that are occasional pests.
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